Model and Energy Strategy at the Upcoming Changes

We need to differentiate between model and energy strategy to understand the positioning of each other, a point which I consider essential when possible debates and / or programs of the different forces contend and negotiate for a next term of four years.

It's certainly not a matter of semantics only use that everyone gives these terms and if they are not used judiciously and evenly can cause confusion, lack of clarity and misinformation concerned but inexperienced citizen awareness of the energy sector.

As in other cases seek light in the definitions Royal AE gives these terms:

MODEL:

Theoretical scheme, usually in mathematical form, of a system or of a complex reality, as the economic evolution of a country that is prepared to facilitate understanding and the study of their behavior.

STRATEGY:

In a controlled process, a set of rules that ensure an optimal decision at all times.

The two meanings chosen to define our two terms are, in my opinion, illustrative enough to define what is to differentiate unambiguously.

Possibly the best image we may have of the energy model would be a Sankey diagram, it can simplify or complicate everything we want but as tells us the definition of the SAR, meets the requirements of its definition: outline, mathematician, a complex system easier to understand and study.

Sankey diagram of the energy sector succinctly shows and related energy sources, processing and using them.

If we now consider that the strategy also can represent or visualize, perhaps his best picture is what is commonly known as defining the energy mix, is temporarily quantify the variables that defined us the model but this time according to principles and a objectives.

If the meaning of the strategy was achievable it would be achieved no more and no less: the decisions of each time were optimal and add known and proven.

In our country there is a tendency in the political arena, to extrapolate the electricity sector to the overall system that is giving a narrow view of the system, in the manner set anyone interested can be positioned on: model and strategy and thereafter understand each policy and its influence on the strategy and the quantification model what really changes.


Explain the energy model as a whole from the point of view of security of supply, efficiency and sustainability, which are the principles governing the energy strategy in Europe, which are consolidated by the energy mix is ​​possible and would engage the large segments of citizens, also showing the internal contradictions of the energy model and its contradictions with other public policies.

What can happen if the electricity tariff of last resort (TUR) disappears?

The electricity tariff to which we welcome the vast majority of households is called Last Resort Rate (TUR), which currently applies to contracts for low voltage and a contracted power of up to 10kW.

If, as seems to be, more restrictive than the above legal conditions are imposed, it can be reached increase electricity bills by 15-20%.

The new conditions will make the TUR can be applied only to contracts that do not exceed 5 kW. Given that the majority of existing homes have hired at least an "average" power with the previous regulations (5 to 8 kW) and now "basic" with the current (between 5.75 and 9.2 kW ), it is clear that we will be excluded from the current TUR, from the free market.
Of course, if this happens, we will literally "harassed" by all traders explaining the advantages we have if we hire them.

For instance: a home that had contracted 5.75 kW and an annual consumption of 6,500 kWh, and benefits from the TUR, pay an annual bill of about 1400 €. But if, as conditions change, is "expelled" the free market, look for an offer !!!!!!
If as of today the rates have Endesa Iberdrola or for such customers (the new contract) annual bill would increase up to € 1,685 and € 1,645 respectively apply. This represents an increase of approximately 17%.



See considerations to take into account in the case of moving forward into free market:


Building General Facilities

To Choose the Right HourlyTariff 2.0 DHA (old night rate)

It is important to adjust our rate, both electrically and the gas, to our real needs neither more nor less.

Hiring energy with the most economical marketing
For quite a while they can choose the energy trader that offers us better conditions.

Before changing marketing it should consider:

Be clear about the following information: Annual energy consumption habits of energy use and contracted power.
Adjust the power contracted to our real needs. If you contract more power than necessary you will be paying over the odds.
Weigh all the conditions change; Not only first-year savings. Ask for the prices of the following years.
He has to know what the company policy regarding the resolution of breakdowns, quality SAT, billing period established and payment.
Before making the switch to the new provider should ask the procedure for the transfer, when it takes to make the change and who is responsible for making the process (them or us).

The company will require outgoing settle the outstanding sum of money to pay.
It should be required at all times a written contract, in duplicate, dated and sealed. He always has to request a copy of the signed contract.

Before signing the contract, you have to read it carefully and make sure that all the clauses that are included are understood. If you can not understand, you should ask.
Don't sign any blank document, and not due if you are not convinced of the change.



LEDS instead Conventional Incandescent Lamps

POSSIBILITY OF SAVING ELECTRICITY: 20-30%

Indicative time frame of ROI: 1-2 Years

LED  Light Emitting Diode: is an electrical component that passing current through it releases energy in the form of photons (light partícluas carriers). LED bulbs have many advantages over incandescent light sources, and even low-power, such as lower energy consumption and greater durability. These bulbs are undoubtedly those that can give a greater role in relation to the amortization of the cost savings. These are bulbs that may have a warranty up to 50,000 hours.

Most important characteristics that have to check them when choosing an LED bulb:

Luminous Flux (lm)
Luminous efficacy (lm / W)
Light intensity (brightness)
Color temperature (warm or cold)
Opening angle of the light beam
Type heat sink
Durability (time during which ensures> = 70% of initial brightness

ENTERPRISES

AIRIS - 5 years warranty
MRAY Lighting Technology - 3 years warranty


Intelligent Homes: Domotic or Home Automation

GUIDANCE ESTIMATION OF SAVINGS: up to 50%

Indicative time frame of ROI: 1-2 Years

It is the set of systems that automate the diferent InHouse Facilities, Single Facility or Buildings. These systems can be deployed in different areas such as climate control, water management, control of light control sunscreens, etc.

Among other places, in community facilities it is highly recommended to make a study of the potential savings that can be obtained with these systems.

Idela place to place this technology in hallways and stair landings to control fixed lights in the elevator doors and even the interior light of these.

The most common family of systems light control are:

Motion Presence detectors
Dimmers
Photosolar cells

Capacitor banks:

Capacitor banks are positioned to compensate reactive power generated in the power grid i, to compensate, might result in significant savings in three-phase installations over 15 kW.

Explained in a simple way, the reactive energy is the energy used to create the magnetics fields that need to run engines, ballasts, transformers, etc.

This phenomenon is creating magnetic fields a division of the energy delivered is produced: one part is used for the generation of work (active power) and the other part for generating the magnetic field reactive power).


ENTERPRISES:

Reuse of gray water

Greywater

They are called gray basically those that use water in the sink, shower and baths. This water can be reused for toilets. Because every time we go to the toilet to pour 3-6 liters of water, depending on the toilet we have, interesting place a system for reuse.

With recycling water for toilets and other uses we can end up saving hundreds of euros per year and we avoid the waste of such a precious potable water (only 0.007% of all water in the world in all their forms is drinking).

EGA is registered as 14.302 Engineer at COITIMadrid

Spanish Heritage In Between USA Simbols

Among the major achievements by Spain In Past and Presents days, Spanish People is ignored, it is the exploration and conquest of many of the territories that now comprise the US.

And it is that long before any other European set foot on US soil, the Spanish guys had already nailed their flag in these confines. For over three centuries, theyr men founded cities, forts, missions and towns far and wide throughout the Americas, from the southern lands of Texas to Alaska herself, which today remains as Valdez or Cordoba cities that remind our where epic and leave a lasting legacy that covers much of the northern Pacific coast, reaching the borders of Russia today.

During the time between the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, Spanish people had time to be the first Europeans to cross the Mississippi River, cross the desert of Nevada, spot the Grand Canyon or founding cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco or St. Augustine (Florida, the oldest city in the US that still retains our beautiful fortress, with the Spanish flag still flying high). Also, long before the British began the great slaughter of American Indians, and centuries before roll his first Hollywood films "Far West", the Spaniards have already made contact, we fight and we agreed with nations large and Cheyenne Indian tribes , Sioux, Arapaho or Navajos. We incorporate our Viceroyalty of New Spain known as territories such as Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and Florida, and gave its name to the Canadian San Juan Islands, Lopez Fidalgo and courteous.

Our ancestors fought, explored and conquered vast territories having extremely little capacity and resources, leaving a now almost unknown to many legacy but we must strive to regain pride in the name of our history and our country, which has been great as none . Glorious names like Cabeza de Vaca, Menendez Vazquez Coronado, Hernando de Soto, Ponce de León, Fray Junipero Serra and Juan de Oñate would be burned into the heads of all the country's citizens if instead of being born Spaniards had been British or Americans ... The Spaniards, sometimes as little grateful to ourselves and our past!

Because few people know that Madrid is not only the capital of Spain, but in states like Alabama, Nebraska, Iowa, New York or Virginia, there are also cities that bear his name. Nor is it known by many Spaniards that follow Castilla emblem wearing today himself atop the Texas Capitol. Well, this article will briefly dated, with names, the main official symbols related to Spain that still exist today in the United States and that honor our legacy. There are many more, but I remember that I consider key. They are:



DOLLAR SYMBOL

Shortly before we discovered Spanish America, King Ferdinand was taken to the emblem of the new Spain the Pillars of Hercules, who laced with a ribbon on which he wrote the phrase "Non plus ultra" which means "nothing beyond "and referring to there was nothing beyond (the known world) already. But when Columbus won the new continent, that slogan was modified by changing the "Plus Ultra" that has accompanied us until today and which indicates that there was something beyond (America) .Once built this shield the officers of our Kingdom and when after the first conquests Spaniards were coining currency across America, the symbol of the Pillars of Hercules began to be present in all currencies accompanying the figure of our successive Kings. Centuries later, and although no longer retain sovereignty over these territories, many American nations retain Spanish beterest symbol as a representation of their currencies. Among them, USA.

CONFEDERATE FLAG

The confederate flag, designed by the American Congressman William Porcher Miles and used primarily in military operations, has undergone changes throughout history but has always been linked to Spain (initially consisted of three horizontal stripes in the colors of our flag) and today proudly carries its thirteen stars of South American states, resting on the Saltire of Saint Andrew, symbol of the old flag of Spain

Florida Flag

This is the latest of several flags that Florida has had throughout its history. This one, designed in 1900, incorporated the shield of the state over the former Spanish imperial flag, the Cross of Burgundy or Aspa of San Andrés, on white background. Noted that the fort of San Agustin, the first city and first fort built by Europeans throughout the United States, our flag still flies on top of its keep.

FLAG OF ALABAMA

The current flag of the State of Alabama, also founded by us, was adopted on 16 February 1895. On this occasion, the Alabama wanted to preserve pure and simple flag that had dominated their destinations during three centuries. Unchanged. The old imperial flag of Spain with the Blade of San Andrés on white background.

ARIZONA STATE FLAG

In this case, the Arizona flag incorporates a bronze star in its center in memory of its mining past. But in the upper band, which is what interests us, we see thirteen stripes representing the 13 original colonies founded in the state, carrying the red and yellow colors in honor of the Spanish Empire and our conquerors.

FLAG OF NEW MEXICO

The citizens of New Mexico also wanted to honor his flag Spain. And it is that this flag, which incorporates in its center one of the symbols of the indigenous tribe neomexicana "Zia" also carries the red and yellow colors of our flag in honor of our scouts, Spain and its King.

Flag and coat of MONTANA

The motto of the state, contained in the flag and coat of Montana, originally linked to Spanish Louisiana, he refers in Spanish, the mining past we introduced the Spanish in the region. Literally he says "Gold and Silver"

Seal of Texas

The shield of this important American state also has this to Spain. And it incorporates 6 flags 6 nations who have exercised their sovereignty over that territory. On this occasion, with our modern era shield, flag looks at its top right.

Seal of the City of Los Angeles

The shield of the city of Los Angeles, so many times we have seen in Hollywood movies, it also has clear echoes of our heritage founder. In the lower left quarter, we clearly see the emblem of Castilla and Leon, which represents its founding as a Spanish city, and at the bottom we reviewed the year of its foundation by Spain.

COAT OF PUERTO RICO

The shield of the Commonwealth, so close in his love and loyalty to Spain, spoils of war from the US in the Spanish-American War of 1898 and unincorporated territory of the US It belongs to the US but is not part of them, is fully Hispanic. The Shield of Puerto Rico was awarded in 1511 by the Spanish Crown, and is the oldest in the New World. It was taken back in 1976 by the government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ".

SHIELD OF ALABAMA

Finally, a number of boards currently used in the state of Alabama, also remind Spanish country, because in the upper left quarter we are present through spanish Country shield of Castile and Leon, as a founding country spaniards went to.

Tags: "America", "Spanish symbols" flag, Spain, foundation, heritage, symbols

Source: Jenkins ÆR

#Quality #Standardization #In #O&M #Industrial #Processes: #Key #Factors 4 #Wind & Solar #Power #Energy #Sectors

PV costs are to be imposed to other technologies later In this decade

tags: RES, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

9REN photovoltaic plant in Italy.

A report by Navigant Research concludes that PhotoVoltaic energy will become the most competitive costs and generate revenues of 151,000 million dollars in 2024.

Navigant Research just published the Distributed SolarPV report, which highlights that the solar PV has established itself as an energy source with the potential to displace other technologies in the production of electricity by the end of this decade. It is anticipated that the era of the high costs and subsidies come to an end and photovoltaic solar energy will become the most competitive prices for retail electricity generating global revenues per year of more than 151,000 million dollars in 2024.

As stated in the report, international opportunities and competition will drive the leading companies along the value chain can rely on them to sustain their growth over the next ten years. Navigant analysts expect continued pressure on margins intensifying, encouraging greater vertical integration and promoting the market for mergers and acquisitions.

"The market for photovoltaic power generation distributed continues to deepen its transition from a strong dependence on a luxury aid and a rich owners and a highly developed environmental awareness to be a profitable source of electricity that is gaining ground across segments markets and types of customers, "said Roberto Rodriguez Labastida, senior research analyst with Navigant Research. "It is expected that the successful adoption of new business models to continue to promote further industry in its transition to a post-World incentives in most major markets."

The report also shows that market activity is shifting from Europe to Asia Pacific and the United States, as these markets are reaching maturity and grid parity in terms of costs. It also highlights the existence of significant business opportunities in other regions, led by Chile, South Africa and Middle East.

One Technician to level a PV module In CPV array.

READ ALL ... Google translator tranlated the original article:

Source: http://elperiodicodelaenergia.com/la-energia-fotovoltaica-se-impondra-por-costes-al-resto-de-tecnologias-a-finales-de-esta-decada/