SENER Technology Present at COP22

 © Grupo SENER 2016. Todos los Derechos Reservados

NOORo I, NOORo II and NOORo III, the three thermoelectric solar plants belonging to the largest solar complex on the planet located in Ouarzazate (Morocco), have been developed turnkey by the SENER engineering and technology group, which also provides proprietary technology . These facilities will play a significant role during the COP22, Conference of Parties, held from 7 to 18 November in the Moroccan city of Marrakesh and where they are expected to hold much of the attention of visitors.

The Moroccan Solar Energy Agency (MASEN), a Moroccan government agency, selected the project led by the Saudi company Acwa Power, in which SENER is part of the consortiums responsible for the construction and commissioning of two NOORo parabolic trough facilities, NOORo I and NOORo II, and a third, NOORo III, equipped with central tower technology with salt receiver.

NOORo I, inaugurated by His Majesty King Mohamed VI at the beginning of 2016, has a power of 160 MWe, employs SENERtrough® parabolic trough collectors and has three hours of thermal storage in the absence of solar radiation.

The second generation SENERtrough®-2 system, also designed and patented by SENER, is being installed in NOORo II of 200 MWe and six hours of storage.

Finally, NOORo III, Concentrated solar power plant with central tower receiver and molten salt heat storage technology that allows it to produce electricity after sundown, covering the 5 hours of peak electricity demand. Part of NOORo (Ouarzazate, Morocco), the largest complex of concentrating solar power (CSP) in the world.

Datasheet:

Tower Height: 250 m

Receiver Thermal Power: 660 MWt

Total Reflective Area: 1,3 Mm²

Surface area of the solar field: 550 Ha

Thermal Storage Capacity: 7.5 h (equivalent hours of Turbine Operation)

With 7,400 Heliostats and 150 MWe of Turbine power capacity, NOORo III is the natural evolution of Gemasolar (Seville), the first commercial plant in the world this type and in which SENER carried out the design, led the construction and was the supplier of the technology, savings 130,000 tons/year of CO2 emission and letting 120,000 households to recieve its Clean and Safe Power. consists of the natural evolution of the emblematic Gemasolar plant (Seville, Spain), only with a size seven times greater and five times more power.

SENER is a leading company in thermoelectric solar energy, both because of the number of projects in portfolio -29 to date, mostly built under the turnkey model and distributed between Spain, USA, South Africa and Morocco- as well as for development And incorporation of technological solutions with their own patents. In total they represent more than 2,000 MWe of installed power and a saving of more than one million tons of CO2 per year. Specifically, these three plants built by SENER in the NOORo complex will avoid the emission of 420,000 CO2 tons per year and are capable of supplying clean and safe energy to around 400,000 households.

As in all of its projects, SENER maintains a strong commitment to the local community since the start of the first phase of NOORo I. Both workers and suppliers in the area are being employed and a national industry development plan has been established. Which includes the manufacture in Morocco of components of high technological content, such as the receiver of molten salts being manufactured in Casablanca.

The COP is the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The country is hosting this meeting in a context of firm commitment to environmental policies, giving special visibility to projects of great magnitude aimed at transforming it as renewable energies.

In CSP, SENER is world leader not only in in the number of projects it has under its belt, the majority turnkey projects, but also for the development of proprietary technology applied to these plants, where it is also able to carry out their operation and maintenance.

EGA is registered as 14,302 Engineer at COITIMadrid

Power Quality & Electrical Energy Use: Thank you Dr. Manuel Pérez Donsión

Power Quality

This book arises from different research projects on Power Quality Master classes on use and Electric Energy Quality taught at the University of Vigo. It isn´t only intended especially for electrical engineering students, but also teachers, technicians, public administrations, engineering enterprises, electricity consumers and all those who are willing to venture into this interesting and complex field of power quality and electrical energy systems. A lot of tabs, charts, figs & pics will make its reading easier.


In Chapter 1, the concept of quality of electric power is introduced and the three parameters to be analyzed: continuity of supply, quality of care and wave and relationship with the user. In Chapter 2 the rules on the quality of the energy question; Frequency variations are discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 refers to the slow voltage variations and voltage fluctuations are studied in Chapter 5, their types and some of its consequences, such as flicker studied. In Chapter 6, voltage sags, surges and short interruptions are explained. In Chapter 7 voltage transients, surges, lightning, earthing and grounding techs are here analyzed. Chapter 8 discusses FACTS and HVDC equipment; Chapter 9 harmonics they are studied and, finally, in Chapter 10, voltage imbalances are treated.

It is a very complete and thorough treatment of the subject book and has a lot of tables, charts, figures and photographs; also it includes 30 pages with color photos and graphics to facilitate understanding of matter and makes it easier to read. Thank you Dr. Donsión

CONTENTS:

1. Power Quality. An introduction

1.1. Quality of electrical energy
1.2. Quality of the voltage wave
1.3. Electromagnetic interference
1.4. Parameters defining the voltage wave and disturbances that could be affected
1.5. Electromagnetic compatibility
1.6. Electromagnetic environments
1.7. Coordination strategies
1.8. Economic evaluation of poor quality wave
1.9. Evaluation of the quality of the voltage wave
1.10. Continuity of supply
1.11. Care and Customer Relationship
1.12. Measure
1.13. Range of influence quantities and verification while steady stating. Stand still
1.14. Precautions in installing measuring equipment

2. Power Quality. Standards

2.1. Normative
2.2. Standardization bodies
2.3. Classification of standards
2.4. Quality of electricity as a product
2.5. Directives concerning electromagnetic compatibility
2.6. Summary of part of the important rules and aspects thereof
2.7. Voltage requirements
2.8. Continuity of supply
2.9. Billing discounts

3. Frequency variations

3.1. Frequency variations
3.2. Limit
3.3. Causes
3.4. Frequency measurement
3.5. Effects produced
3.6. Prevention and correction methods
3.7. Stability of electric power systems
3.8. Frequency regulation

4. Slow voltage variations

4.1. Definition
4.2. Reference values ​​and limits
4.3. Root causes
4.4. Effects produced
4.5. Correction methods
4.6. Measure the amplitude of the supply voltage

5. Voltage fluctuations. Flickers

5.1. Definition of voltage fluctuation
5.2. Flicker definition
5.3. Evaluation of flicker
5.4. Compatibility levels
5.5. Flicker limits
5.6. Flicker physiology
5.7. Measuring the flicker effect
5.8. Trialing the flicker-meter
5.9. Practical experience (5.1). Measuring power quality inside a steel factory
5.10. Mathematical explanation of the flicker origin
5.11. Major disruptive devices
5.12. Other flicker origins
5.13. Effects produced
5.14. Prevention and correction methods
5.15. Wind-turbine fliker production

6. Voltage dips and short interruptions

6.1. Sags and short interruptions
6.2. Levels of electromagnetic compatibility
6.3. Underlying causes
6.4. Characterization of voltage sags
6.5. Measure detecting and evaluating sags
6.6. Stochastic analysis
6.7. Types of voltage sags
6.8. Effect of transformer connections
6.9. Possible causes of equipment failure
6.10. Sensitivity equipment against voltage sags
6.11. Estimating the voltage sag problem probability occurrence
6.12. Effects produced
6.13. Evaluation of production losses
6.14. Prevention and correction
6.15. Voids derived engine start
6.16. Possible action by the supplier
6.17. Prevention and elimination of faults
6.18. Requirements for response to voltage dips of wind farms
6.19. Practical experiences
6.20. Voltage interruption

7. Voltage transients, temporary surges, lightning, earthing and grounding

7.1. Voltage transients. Definition
7.2. Characteristic parameters
7.3. Detection, evaluation and reference values ​​of voltage transients
7.4. Causes of transient
7.5. Effects produced
7.6. Prevention and correction methods
7.7. Temporal overvoltages
7.8. Lightning effect
7.9. Earthing & Grounding
7.10. Lightning and electrical installations

8. Equipment FACTS and HVDC

8.1. FACTS (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System)
8.2. Parallel compensation of reactive power transmission systems
8.3. Series compensation of reactive power in transmission systems
8.4. Variable frequency transformer
8.5. HVDC transmission
8.6. High quality power systems in distribution network
8.7. Distributed automation and web-technology
8.8. Future trends
8.9. Fuel cell

9. Harmonics

9.1. Harmonic distortion
9.2. Reference values
9.3. Standard limits
9.4. Fourier series decomposition
9.5. Harmonics measurement
9.6. Causes of harmonic distortion
9.7. Model used in the calculations
9.8. Effects that cause
9.9. Prevention and correction methods
9.10. Passive filters for harmonic correction
9.11. Active filters
9.12. Hybrid filters
9.13. Thyristors and transistors used in inverters
9.14. Neutral and transformer overload problems
9.15. Harmonics in electric arc furnaces
9.16. Reactive power compensation in harmonics-contaminated systems
9.17. Studies about harmonics

10. Umbalanced voltages

10.1. Definition
10.2. Calculation of an unbalanced system
10.3. Measuring imbalances
10.4. Underlying causes
10.5. Effects produced
10.6. Correcting methods and imbalances prevention

Source: garceta.es


EGA is registered as 14.302 Engineer at coitim.es

Karl Böer Solar Energy Medal of Merit International Award for Antonio Luque

Professor Antonio Luque, founder and president of the Solar Energy Institute has been awarded with the "Karl Böer Solar Energy Medal of Merit" award, given by the University of Delaware (USA), for his contributions to the development of photovoltaics. worth $60,000, the prestigious award recognizes the most outstanding international careers in the field of solar energy.

Thanks Professor Luque

Karl Böer prizes are awarded every two years in honor of the scientist, who was a member for years at the University of Delaware, founder of the Institute of Energy Conversion EE (UD's Institute of Energy Conversion) and one of the great researchers in solar cells. The jury awarded prizes consists of a committee which includes representatives of major US solar companies and government Department of Energy.

"Professor Luque has made outstanding contributions in the field of solar energy," said Michael Klein, Executive Director of Karl Böer Solar Energy Medal of Merit, announcing the winner in this edition. "In giving this award, we recognize the impact their work has had on the scientific and technological development of renewable energies. The selection committee is proud to make this announcement. "

A successful career

Karl Böer Solar Energy Medal of Merit recognizes the many achievements of Antonio Luque, who has several decades researching and improving solar PV technology, and turning these achievements into practical applications. In fact, Luque is one of the researchers who owes its solar energy development.

For years working in intermediate band cells, of which he has always said he is a real sun revolution. In 1969, Professor founded the Semiconductor Laboratory of the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM) and ten years later became the laboratory at the Institute of Solar Energy (IES), a highly recognized worldwide in photovoltaic research center.

Antonio Luque developed in 1976 Si - bifacial solar cells, which are active on both sides and are able to collect as much direct light as part of it is reflected on the front face, resulting in cells with very high efficiency. In order to manufacture these solar cells, Professor founded the company Isofotón in Málaga and became its first president until 1990.

CPV : Antonio Luque, Viacheslav Andrew

In its appreciation to the Spanish scientist, US jury award also highlights that Luque supported the adoption of a generous Feed In Tarifs System for the Spanish photovoltaic, which led in 2008 to 2.6 Gw commisioned to the Spanish Electrical network by producing more electricity with this technology than the medium nuclear power plant production (500 Mw).

Many awards

This is not, of course, the first award for Antonio Luque. Professor has many other national and international awards: the SolarWorld Senior Einstein Award SolarWorld (2008); the IEEE's William Cherry Award for Photovoltaic Science and Technology (2006); the Juan de la Cierva to Technology Transfer (2003) National Award; King James I to Research in the Environment (1999); the Edmond Becquerel Prize for Outstanding Contributions to the Development of Photovoltaic Solar Energy (1992); and the National Technological Research Prize Leonardo Torres Quevedo (1987).

Among the winners in previous editions of Karl Böer Solar Energy Medal of Merit include, among others, the German Hermann Scheer (2009), for his long contribution and commitment to the diffusion of solar energy, and Adolf Goetzberger (1997), founder of Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems; David Carlson (1995), inventor of thin film solar cells; and US President Jimmy Carter (1993), who encouraged the development of this technology and aroused worldwide interest in photovoltaics.

Spanish Source: http://www.energias-renovables.com/articulo/nuevo-premio-internacional-para-antonio-luke--20141124

Ernesto Guillamo is registered as 14.302 engineer at COITIM

In a Sunny Country... Wind & Solar Hibrid Power

Hey man, In an #energy context such #Spain, where we must meet the EU targets for renewable energy by 2020, remember the importance of the #solar #pv and #wind #power inside our electricity #mix and just because we are in a country that has great resources for these two technologies, and by the way, only by joinning together two small isolated facilities in the area, which already found their owners the importance of having a few photovoltaic modules and a small wind turbine all together.

Hibrid facilities like the ones which we all have seen on Spanish roads, plus facilities that have been made by owners who have put their own money, to see how costly it was to bring the utility line of duty.

But besides this type of remote installations, where storage is present, you also could consider, as in many other parts of the world, to combine both technologies in On Grid installations, using and making profitable the same resources, you can get scale economics. While this may in some cases incur a small loss on the premises, by the interaction between this two technologies.

It is known that the hibrid site construction (solar and wind) complement each other better than it looks, but make a small summary of some of these synergies on why this happens:

• A wind farm site has surfaces on which you can install an additional photovoltaic plant.
• The combination of photovoltaic and wind systems, can make the same resource of land occupied, can produce up to twice as much electricity, while it was found that the losses caused by shading of the turbines are just only considered to be at the order of two percent at most.
• The construction of such plants hybrid energy does not require network expansion because these plants generate wind and solar energy at different times, which means that the level fed into the grid is more stable than wind power plants and photovoltaic alone.
• The effects on power grids, this type of facilities photovoltaic and wind energy in electricity networks, both global and regional level, makes these networks behave in a much more stable, because while producing wind turbines much more electricity during the coldest parts of the year, due to higher levels of wind over the winter months, the solar power plants generate more energy in summer, offsetting lower production of wind energy at this time of year.
• Losses wind shading on photovoltaic installations are minimal (evidently for that are also the designers).
• The common elements that will be used by each facility, such as network connections, authorizations, driveway, mains power evacuation, …, will lead to significant cost reductions, in addition to the aforementioned stabilization of energy production.
But besides synergies, when seeing the whole project, also a series of mutual interactions between the two facilities will be taken:
• The integration of the PV plant within the wind, generate a reduction of wind speed and wind profile disturbance, and consequently the energy production of the wind farm decreases, although very little.
• In the interaction of the wind farm on the PV system must be taken into account among others, the following topics:
- The slopes of the available areas
- The own shadows on the horizon
- The impact of shadow generated by wind turbines

But all this can be a good project circumvented in some cases, taking into account the effects of possible stabilization in production, mixing the two types of technologies, as we will have:
• wind during winter, while solar radiation is low but very efficient production in sunny days due to less cell temperature
• wind during the night, when there is obviously no radiation
• wind during the rainy and cloudy days, while radiation is low
• Good radiation on sunny days, when we anticyclone, and we have wind

A profit will also be in Capex (capital expenditure), due to the synergies between the wind farm and photovoltaic system:
• Cost of installed electrical equipment
• Cost of energy networks evacuation
• Costs of civil engineering works (access, roads …)
• Cost of land lease
• Stabilization of the energy produced

All this should be compared with revenue losses already mentioned, when they are operating the two facilities, due to the loss of energy production, as losses due to the PV system, can cause a loss of income below 1 5% by photovoltaic systems, and losses in the turbine, can also cause a loss of income below 2% (compared with independent photovoltaic plant, according to some studies consulted).
The study should be complete and contemplate:

• The mutual interactions
• Annual degradation modules
• Rates
• Discount rates

Other points where synergies could be established is in operation and maintenance activities, although it is more difficult in some of its aspects have staff specialized in both technologies, but those common elements can be treated together, after having more specialized staff Specific elements of the different facilities.

Say that, although it seems that there are lights and shadows, international experiences made are positive. And in the future framework for distributed generation and smart grids, making the generation is stable, and that fits as far as possible to demand, will make use of existing networks and lower requirements Additional investments are to collect more and more important. Not to mention that in some cases it is not possible to perform short-term lines due to environmental problems.


It is for all this, so important to conduct this type of hibrid facilities, with only renewable technologies, for cases of small isolated facilities to small and medium connected to network an important consumption facilities, and avoid the use of large MW existing sites, where the combination of the two technologies can lead us to some technical and economic synergies.

Renewable Energies can Replace Fossil Fuels by 2050.

In 15 years, participation in Electricity Generation from renewable energies will triple the current situation, from the current 21% to 64%. In a new report entitled Energy Revolution pioneer 2015 by Greenpeace International, the Global Wind Energy Council and Solar Power Europe, former EPIA, we are shown on 364 pages, the road to an energy sector powered by 100% renewable energy, as this shows that it is possible to completely do without fossil fuels and stock only clean and renewable energies in 2050.

The Energy Revolution scenario is 2015 or something similar, is necessary if we are to have a reasonable chance of complying with the agreed target of keeping the increase in global average global temperature below 2°C.

Missing and less than three months to go to the climate summit in Paris, world leaders have the opportunity to take the first critical steps to tackle climate change by accelerating the ongoing transformation of the energy sector in the world fossils and towards 100% renewable fuels by mid-century.

According to Steve Sawyer, secretary general of the Global Wind Energy Council, we now have competitive technologies that can solve most of the climate problem, namely the carbon dioxide emissions from the energy sector.

What is needed now is the political will to implement the right policies and fiscal and regulatory measures to implement them in full.

On the other hand, according to Greenpeace Sven Teske, lead author of the report, wind and solar technologies currently have a competitive cost with respect to coal. It is very likely that these outweigh the coal industry in terms of jobs and energy supplied in the next decade.

The Energy Revolution scenario 2015 shows how this transformation is possible and at what cost, as well as its impact on employment in the energy sector. The report updates the previous scenarios energy revolution, and for the first time offers an advanced with a supply of 100% renewable energy scenario and provide updated with current policies scenario of the World Energy Outlook the IEA extrapolation all this comparison purposes. A detailed report shows that the transition to 100% renewable energy by 2050, could create millions of new jobs and save money analysis.

In fact, the investment required would be more than covered by the future savings in fuel costs, since to make these changes, an investment that would be more than covered by the savings generated in the future in fuel costs would be necessary. On the one hand the average additional investment required in renewable energy by 2050 would be approximately 900,000 million euros a year, while as renewable energy, which do not require spending fuels, saving at that time would be about 950,000 million euros a year, enough to cover the investment required, with the balance point between 2025 and 2030.

In this 2015 report Energy Revolution, the largest global source of energy worldwide for 2050 would be wind energy, supplying about 30% or 32% respectively.

The wind industry alone could employ 8 million people in 2030, almost 10 times more than at present (which is almost twice as many people currently employed by the oil and gas), and in the case of the photovoltaic industry could employ 9.7 million people by 2030 worldwide, ten times more than today.

Within 15 years, the share of electricity generation from renewable energies would triple the current situation, from the current 21% to 64%, covering almost two thirds of global electricity demand. In countries with rapid development of renewable energy, such as Brazil, China and India, CO2 emissions could fall by a third, from the current 30 Gt generated annually, 20 Gt by 2030.

Smart Grids, Self-Consumption and Sellf Sufficient Micro Grids

More important, however, is the reduction of global CO2 emissions, and reaching zero emissions in the energy sector will not solve all the climate problem, although it is by far the biggest challenge, and must therefore be the main objective of the work of governments to the climate summit in Paris later this year, governments will have to manage the dismantling of the industry that is becoming obsolete, guiding the fossil fuel industry, to prepare gradually, and being aware that every euro invested in fossil fuel projects, it is a sunk cost, as declared Sven Teske, Greenpeace researcher.

Also, be careful not to be influenced by pressure from vested interests in the fossil fuel industry, that will not get in the change of renewable energies, which are the most effective and fairest way to have a clean and secure energy future, due to their investment costs.

Meanwhile Kumi Naidoo, head of Greenpeace International has urged all the skeptics who say you can not do, to read this report and recognize that can be done, should be done and it will be for the benefit of all.

We hope therefore that the climate summit in Paris, have advances that allow us to be optimistic about the evolution of our energy future.

EGA is registered as 14.302 Engineer at COITIMadrid